General Equilibrium Model for Korea (KORCNS)#

korcns.py

"""
## GAMSSOURCE: https://www.gams.com/latest/gamslib_ml/libhtml/gamslib_korcns.html
## LICENSETYPE: Demo
## MODELTYPE: CNS
## KEYWORDS: constrained nonlinear system, general equilibrium model, economic growth, industrialization, economic policy, Korean economy


General Equilibrium Model for Korea (KORCNS)

This mini equilibrium model of Korea for the year 1963 is used to
illustrate the basic use of CGE models. This version follows closely
Chapter 11 of the reference.

The original model (KORCGE) is formulated as an optimization
model, but it is really a square system of nonlinear equations.
In this version, we formulate the model directly as a square system
using the model type CNS = Constrained Nonlinear System.

An MCP version exist under the name (KORMCP).


Lewis, J, and Robinson, S, Chapter 11. In Chenery, H B, Robinson, S,
and Syrquin, S, Eds, Industrialization and Growth: A Comparative
Study. Oxford University Press, London, 1986.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import os

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from gamspy import (
    Alias,
    Container,
    Equation,
    Model,
    Number,
    Parameter,
    Product,
    Set,
    Sum,
    Variable,
)


def main():
    # Data

    data = [
        [0.00000, 0.00000, 0.00000],
        [0.01000, 0.03920, 0.05000],
        [0.02000, 0.07000, 0.91000],
        [0.13000, 0.29000, 0.58000],
        [0.00000, 0.00000, 0.00000],
        [0.00000, 0.00000, 0.00000],
        [0.10000, 0.22751, 0.08084],
        [0.61447, 1.60111, 0.52019],
        [0.33263, 0.43486, 0.23251],
        [0.90909, 0.81466, 0.92521],
        [1.00000, 1.00000, 1.00000],
        [2.00000, 0.66000, 0.40000],
        [0.24820, 0.05111, 0.00001],
        [1.59539, 1.34652, 1.01839],
        [2.00000, 2.00000, 2.00000],
        [0.86628, 0.84602, 0.82436],
        [3.85424, 3.51886, 3.23592],
    ]

    columns = ["agricult", "industry", "services"]
    indexes = [
        "depr",
        "itax",
        "gles",
        "kio",
        "dstr",
        "te",
        "tm",
        "ad",
        "pwts",
        "pwm",
        "pwe",
        "sigc",
        "delta",
        "ac",
        "sigt",
        "gamma",
        "at",
    ]
    zz_df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, columns=columns, index=indexes)
    zz_df = zz_df.reset_index().melt(
        id_vars="index", var_name="Category", value_name="Value"
    )

    # sectres
    data = [
        [1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000],
        [1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000],
        [0.7370, 0.2911, 0.6625],
        [711.6443, 930.3509, 497.4428],
        [657.3677, 840.0500, 515.4296],
        [641.7037, 812.2222, 492.0307],
        [15.6639, 27.8278, 23.3988],
        [69.9406, 118.1287, 5.4120],
        [657.5754, 338.7076, 1548.5192],
        [256.6450, 464.1656, 156.2598],
        [452.1765, 307.8561, 202.0416],
        [2.8230, 9.8806, 128.4482],
        [0.0000, 148.4488, 10.6931],
        [0.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000],
        [20.6884, 46.1511, 92.3023],
        [1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000],
        [1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000],
        [1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000],
        [1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000],
    ]
    columns = ["agricult", "industry", "services"]
    indexes = [
        "pd1",
        "pk",
        "pva",
        "x",
        "xd",
        "xxd",
        "e",
        "m",
        "k",
        "intr",
        "cd",
        "gd",
        "id",
        "dst",
        "dk",
        "pm",
        "pe",
        "px",
        "p",
    ]
    sectres_df = pd.DataFrame(data=data, columns=columns, index=indexes)
    sectres_df = sectres_df.reset_index().melt(
        id_vars="index", var_name="Category", value_name="Value"
    )

    # Model's container
    cont = Container(
        system_directory=os.getenv("SYSTEM_DIRECTORY", None),
    )

    # Sets
    i = Set(
        cont,
        name="i",
        records=["agricult", "industry", "services"],
        description="sectors",
    )
    hh = Set(
        cont,
        name="hh",
        records=["lab_hh", "cap_hh"],
        description="household type",
    )
    lc = Set(
        cont,
        name="lc",
        records=["labor1", "labor2", "labor3"],
        description="labor categories",
    )
    it = Set(cont, name="it", domain=i, description="traded sectors")
    inn = Set(cont, name="inn", domain=i, description="nontraded sectors")

    j = Alias(cont, name="j", alias_with=i)

    # Parameters
    delta = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="delta",
        domain=i,
        description="Armington function share parameter",
    )
    ac = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="ac",
        domain=i,
        description="Armington function shift parameter",
    )
    rhoc = Parameter(
        cont, name="rhoc", domain=i, description="Armington function exponent"
    )
    rhot = Parameter(
        cont, name="rhot", domain=i, description="cet function exponent"
    )
    at = Parameter(
        cont, name="at", domain=i, description="cet function shift parameter"
    )
    gamma = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="gamma",
        domain=i,
        description="cet function share parameter",
    )
    ad = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="ad",
        domain=i,
        description="production function shift parameter",
    )
    gles = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="gles",
        domain=i,
        description="government consumption shares",
    )
    depr = Parameter(
        cont, name="depr", domain=i, description="depreciation rates"
    )
    dstr = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="dstr",
        domain=i,
        description="ratio of inventory investment to gross output",
    )
    kio = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="kio",
        domain=i,
        description="shares of investment by sector of destination",
    )
    te = Parameter(cont, name="te", domain=i, description="export duty rates")
    itax = Parameter(
        cont, name="itax", domain=i, description="indirect tax rates"
    )
    htax = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="htax",
        domain=hh,
        description="income tax rate by household type",
    )
    pwm = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="pwm",
        domain=i,
        description="world market price of imports    (in dollars)",
    )
    pwe = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="pwe",
        domain=i,
        description="world market price of exports    (in dollars)",
    )
    tm = Parameter(
        cont, name="tm", domain=i, description="tariff rates on imports"
    )
    pwts = Parameter(cont, name="pwts", domain=i, description="cpi weights")

    htax["lab_hh"] = 0.08910
    htax["cap_hh"] = 0.08910

    alphl = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="alphl",
        domain=[i, lc],
        records=np.array(
            [
                [0.38258, 0.06740, 0.00000],
                [0.00000, 0.53476, 0.00000],
                [0.00000, 0.16234, 0.42326],
            ]
        ),
        description="labor share parameter in production function",
    )

    io = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="io",
        domain=[i, j],
        records=np.array(
            [
                [0.12591, 0.19834, 0.01407],
                [0.10353, 0.35524, 0.18954],
                [0.02358, 0.11608, 0.08390],
            ]
        ),
        description="input-output coefficients",
    )

    imat = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="imat",
        domain=[i, j],
        records=np.array(
            [
                [0.00000, 0.00000, 0.00000],
                [0.93076, 0.93774, 0.93080],
                [0.06924, 0.06226, 0.06920],
            ]
        ),
        description="capital composition matrix",
    )

    wdist = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="wdist",
        domain=[i, lc],
        records=np.array(
            [
                [1.00000, 0.52780, 0.00000],
                [0.00000, 1.21879, 0.00000],
                [0.00000, 1.11541, 1.00000],
            ]
        ),
        description="wage proportionality factors",
    )

    cles = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="cles",
        domain=[i, hh],
        records=np.array(
            [[0.47000, 0.47000], [0.31999, 0.31999], [0.21001, 0.21001]]
        ),
        description="private consumption shares",
    )

    zz = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="zz",
        domain=["*", i],
        records=zz_df,
        description="miscellaneous parameters",
    )

    depr[i] = zz["depr", i]
    itax[i] = zz["itax", i]
    gles[i] = zz["gles", i]
    kio[i] = zz["kio", i]
    dstr[i] = zz["dstr", i]
    te[i] = zz["te", i]
    tm[i] = zz["tm", i]
    ad[i] = zz["ad", i]
    pwts[i] = zz["pwts", i]
    pwm[i] = zz["pwm", i]
    pwe[i] = zz["pwe", i]
    rhoc[i] = (1 / zz["sigc", i]) - 1
    delta[i] = zz["delta", i]
    ac[i] = zz["ac", i]
    rhot[i] = (1 / zz["sigt", i]) + 1
    gamma[i] = zz["gamma", i]
    at[i] = zz["at", i]

    # Model Definition
    # Variables
    # prices block
    er = Variable(
        cont,
        name="er",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "real exchange rate                          (won per dollar)"
        ),
    )
    pd1 = Variable(
        cont, name="pd1", type="free", domain=i, description="domestic prices"
    )
    pm = Variable(
        cont,
        name="pm",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description="domestic price of imports",
    )
    pe = Variable(
        cont,
        name="pe",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description="domestic price of exports",
    )
    pk = Variable(
        cont,
        name="pk",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description="rate of capital rent by sector",
    )
    px = Variable(
        cont,
        name="px",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description="average output price by sector",
    )
    p = Variable(
        cont,
        name="p",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description="price of composite goods",
    )
    pva = Variable(
        cont,
        name="pva",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description="value added price by sector",
    )
    pr = Variable(cont, name="pr", type="free", description="import premium")
    pindex = Variable(
        cont, name="pindex", type="free", description="general price level"
    )

    # production block
    x = Variable(
        cont,
        name="x",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description=(
            "composite goods supply                        ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )
    xd = Variable(
        cont,
        name="xd",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description=(
            "domestic output by sector                     ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )
    xxd = Variable(
        cont,
        name="xxd",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description=(
            "domestic sales                                ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )
    e = Variable(
        cont,
        name="e",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description=(
            "exports by sector                             ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )
    m = Variable(
        cont,
        name="m",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description=(
            "imports                                       ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )

    # factors block
    k = Variable(
        cont,
        name="k",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description=(
            "capital stock by sector                       ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )
    wa = Variable(
        cont,
        name="wa",
        type="free",
        domain=lc,
        description=(
            "average wage rate by labor category     (mill won pr person)"
        ),
    )
    ls = Variable(
        cont,
        name="ls",
        type="free",
        domain=lc,
        description=(
            "labor supply by labor category                (1000 persons)"
        ),
    )
    l = Variable(
        cont,
        name="l",
        type="free",
        domain=[i, lc],
        description=(
            "employment by sector and labor category       (1000 persons)"
        ),
    )

    # demand block
    intr = Variable(
        cont,
        name="intr",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description=(
            "intermediates uses                            ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )
    cd = Variable(
        cont,
        name="cd",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description=(
            "final demand for private consumption          ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )
    gd = Variable(
        cont,
        name="gd",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description=(
            "final demand for government consumption       ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )
    id = Variable(
        cont,
        name="id",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description=(
            "final demand for productive investment        ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )
    dst = Variable(
        cont,
        name="dst",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description=(
            "inventory investment by sector                ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )
    y = Variable(
        cont,
        name="y",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "private gdp                                       (bill won)"
        ),
    )
    gr = Variable(
        cont,
        name="gr",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "government revenue                                (bill won)"
        ),
    )
    tariff = Variable(
        cont,
        name="tariff",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "tariff revenue                                    (bill won)"
        ),
    )
    indtax = Variable(
        cont,
        name="indtax",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "indirect tax revenue                              (bill won)"
        ),
    )
    netsub = Variable(
        cont,
        name="netsub",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "export duty revenue                               (bill won)"
        ),
    )
    gdtot = Variable(
        cont,
        name="gdtot",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "total volume of government consumption        ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )
    hhsav = Variable(
        cont,
        name="hhsav",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "total household savings                           (bill won)"
        ),
    )
    govsav = Variable(
        cont,
        name="govsav",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "government savings                                (bill won)"
        ),
    )
    deprecia = Variable(
        cont,
        name="deprecia",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "total depreciation expenditure                    (bill won)"
        ),
    )
    invest = Variable(
        cont,
        name="invest",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "total investment                                  (bill won)"
        ),
    )
    savings = Variable(
        cont,
        name="savings",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "total savings                                     (bill won)"
        ),
    )
    mps = Variable(
        cont,
        name="mps",
        type="free",
        domain=hh,
        description="marginal propensity to save by household type",
    )
    fsav = Variable(
        cont,
        name="fsav",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "foreign savings                               (bill dollars)"
        ),
    )
    dk = Variable(
        cont,
        name="dk",
        type="free",
        domain=i,
        description=(
            "volume of investment by sector of destination ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )
    ypr = Variable(
        cont,
        name="ypr",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "total premium income accruing to capitalists      (bill won)"
        ),
    )
    remit = Variable(
        cont,
        name="remit",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "net remittances from abroad                   (bill dollars)"
        ),
    )
    fbor = Variable(
        cont,
        name="fbor",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "net flow of foreign borrowing                 (bill dollars)"
        ),
    )
    yh = Variable(
        cont,
        name="yh",
        type="free",
        domain=hh,
        description=(
            "total income by household type                    (bill won)"
        ),
    )
    tothhtax = Variable(
        cont,
        name="tothhtax",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "household tax revenue                             (bill won)"
        ),
    )

    # welfare indicator for objective function
    omega = Variable(
        cont,
        name="omega",
        type="free",
        description=(
            "objective function variable                   ('68 bill won)"
        ),
    )

    er.l[...] = 1.0000
    pr.l[...] = 0.0000
    pindex.l[...] = 1.0000
    gr.l[...] = 194.0449
    tariff.l[...] = 28.6572
    indtax.l[...] = 65.2754
    netsub.l[...] = 0.0000
    gdtot.l[...] = 141.1519
    hhsav.l[...] = 61.4089
    govsav.l[...] = 52.8930
    deprecia.l[...] = 0.0000
    savings.l[...] = 159.1419
    invest.l[...] = 159.1419
    fsav.l[...] = 39.1744
    fbor.l[...] = 58.7590
    remit.l[...] = 0.0000
    tothhtax.l[...] = 100.1122
    y.l[...] = 1123.5941

    labres1 = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="labres1",
        domain=[i, lc],
        records=np.array(
            [
                [2515.900, 442.643, 0.000],
                [0.000, 767.776, 0.000],
                [0.000, 355.568, 948.100],
            ]
        ),
        description="summary matrix with sectoral employment results",
    )

    labres2 = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="labres2",
        domain=["*", lc],
        records=pd.DataFrame(
            [
                ["wa", "labor1", 0.074],
                ["ls", "labor1", 2515.9],
                ["wa", "labor2", 0.14],
                ["ls", "labor2", 1565.987],
                ["wa", "labor3", 0.152],
                ["ls", "labor3", 948.1],
            ]
        ),
        description="summary matrix with aggregate employment results",
    )

    hhres = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="hhres",
        domain=["*", hh],
        records=pd.DataFrame(
            [
                ["yh", "lab_hh", 548.7478],
                ["mps", "lab_hh", 0.06],
                ["yh", "cap_hh", 574.8463],
                ["mps", "cap_hh", 0.06],
            ]
        ),
        description="summary matrix with household results",
    )

    l.l[i, lc] = labres1[i, lc]
    ls.l[lc] = labres2["ls", lc]
    wa.l[lc] = labres2["wa", lc]
    mps.l[hh] = hhres["mps", hh]
    yh.l[hh] = hhres["yh", hh]

    sectres = Parameter(
        cont,
        name="sectres",
        domain=["*", i],
        records=sectres_df,
        description="summary matrix with sectoral results",
    )

    pd1.l[i] = sectres["pd1", i]
    pm.l[i] = sectres["pm", i]
    pe.l[i] = sectres["pe", i]
    pk.l[i] = sectres["pk", i]
    px.l[i] = sectres["px", i]
    p.l[i] = sectres["p", i]
    pva.l[i] = sectres["pva", i]
    x.l[i] = sectres["x", i]
    xd.l[i] = sectres["xd", i]
    xxd.l[i] = sectres["xxd", i]
    e.l[i] = sectres["e", i]
    m.l[i] = sectres["m", i]
    k.l[i] = sectres["k", i]
    intr.l[i] = sectres["intr", i]
    cd.l[i] = sectres["cd", i]
    gd.l[i] = sectres["gd", i]
    id.l[i] = sectres["id", i]
    dst.l[i] = sectres["dst", i]
    dk.l[i] = sectres["dk", i]
    it[i] = Number(1).where[e.l[i] | m.l[i]]
    inn[i] = not it[i]
    k.fx[i] = k.l[i]
    m.fx[inn] = 0
    e.fx[inn] = 0
    l.fx[i, lc].where[l.l[i, lc] == 0] = 0

    p.lo[i] = 0.01
    pd1.lo[i] = 0.01
    pm.lo[it] = 0.01
    pk.lo[i] = 0.01
    px.lo[i] = 0.01
    x.lo[i] = 0.01
    xd.lo[i] = 0.01
    m.lo[it] = 0.01
    xxd.lo[it] = 0.01
    wa.lo[lc] = 0.01
    intr.lo[i] = 0.01
    y.lo[...] = 0.01
    e.lo[it] = 0.01
    l.lo[i, lc].where[l.l[i, lc] != 0] = 0.01

    # Equation Definitions
    # price block
    pmdef = Equation(
        cont,
        name="pmdef",
        domain=i,
        description="definition of domestic import prices",
    )
    pedef = Equation(
        cont,
        name="pedef",
        domain=i,
        description="definition of domestic export prices",
    )
    absorption = Equation(
        cont,
        name="absorption",
        domain=i,
        description="value of domestic sales",
    )
    sales = Equation(
        cont, name="sales", domain=i, description="value of domestic output"
    )
    actp = Equation(
        cont,
        name="actp",
        domain=i,
        description="definition of activity prices",
    )
    pkdef = Equation(
        cont,
        name="pkdef",
        domain=i,
        description="definition of capital goods price",
    )
    pindexdef = Equation(
        cont, name="pindexdef", description="definition of general price level"
    )

    # output block
    activity = Equation(
        cont, name="activity", domain=i, description="production function"
    )
    profitmax = Equation(
        cont,
        name="profitmax",
        domain=[i, lc],
        description="first order condition for profit maximum",
    )
    lmequil = Equation(
        cont, name="lmequil", domain=lc, description="labor market equilibrium"
    )
    cet = Equation(cont, name="cet", domain=i, description="cet function")
    esupply = Equation(
        cont, name="esupply", domain=i, description="export supply"
    )
    armington = Equation(
        cont,
        name="armington",
        domain=i,
        description="composite good aggregation function",
    )
    costmin = Equation(
        cont,
        name="costmin",
        domain=i,
        description="f.o.c. for cost minimization of composite good",
    )
    xxdsn = Equation(
        cont,
        name="xxdsn",
        domain=i,
        description="domestic sales for nontraded sectors",
    )
    xsn = Equation(
        cont,
        name="xsn",
        domain=i,
        description="composite good agg. for nontraded sectors",
    )

    # demand block
    inteq = Equation(
        cont, name="inteq", domain=i, description="total intermediate uses"
    )
    cdeq = Equation(
        cont, name="cdeq", domain=i, description="private consumption behavior"
    )
    dsteq = Equation(
        cont, name="dsteq", domain=i, description="inventory investment"
    )
    gdp = Equation(cont, name="gdp", description="private gdp")
    labory = Equation(
        cont, name="labory", description="total income accruing to labor"
    )
    capitaly = Equation(
        cont, name="capitaly", description="total income accruing to capital"
    )
    hhtaxdef = Equation(
        cont,
        name="hhtaxdef",
        description="total household taxes collected by govt.",
    )
    gdeq = Equation(
        cont,
        name="gdeq",
        domain=i,
        description="government consumption shares",
    )
    greq = Equation(cont, name="greq", description="government revenue")
    tariffdef = Equation(cont, name="tariffdef", description="tariff revenue")
    premium = Equation(
        cont, name="premium", description="total import premium income"
    )
    indtaxdef = Equation(
        cont,
        name="indtaxdef",
        description="indirect taxes on domestic production",
    )
    netsubdef = Equation(cont, name="netsubdef", description="export duties")

    # savings-investment block
    hhsaveq = Equation(cont, name="hhsaveq", description="household savings")
    gruse = Equation(cont, name="gruse", description="government savings")
    depreq = Equation(
        cont, name="depreq", description="depreciation expenditure"
    )
    totsav = Equation(cont, name="totsav", description="total savings")
    prodinv = Equation(
        cont,
        name="prodinv",
        domain=i,
        description="investment by sector of destination",
    )
    ieq = Equation(
        cont,
        name="ieq",
        domain=i,
        description="investment by sector of origin",
    )

    # balance of payments
    caeq = Equation(
        cont, name="caeq", description="current account balance (bill dollars)"
    )

    # market clearing
    equil = Equation(
        cont, name="equil", domain=i, description="goods market equilibrium"
    )

    # objective function
    obj = Equation(cont, name="obj", description="objective function")

    # price block
    pmdef[it] = pm[it] == pwm[it] * er * (1 + tm[it] + pr)

    pedef[it] = pe[it] == pwe[it] * (1 + te[it]) * er

    absorption[i] = (
        p[i] * x[i] == pd1[i] * xxd[i] + (pm[i] * m[i]).where[it[i]]
    )

    sales[i] = px[i] * xd[i] == pd1[i] * xxd[i] + (pe[i] * e[i]).where[it[i]]

    actp[i] = px[i] * (1 - itax[i]) == pva[i] + Sum(j, io[j, i] * p[j])

    pkdef[i] = pk[i] == Sum(j, p[j] * imat[j, i])

    pindexdef[...] = pindex == Sum(i, pwts[i] * p[i])

    # output and factors of production block
    activity[i] = xd[i] == ad[i] * Product(
        lc.where[wdist[i, lc]], l[i, lc] ** alphl[i, lc]
    ) * k[i] ** (1 - Sum(lc, alphl[i, lc]))

    profitmax[i, lc].where[wdist[i, lc]] = (
        wa[lc] * wdist[i, lc] * l[i, lc] == xd[i] * pva[i] * alphl[i, lc]
    )

    lmequil[lc] = Sum(i, l[i, lc]) == ls[lc]

    cet[it] = xd[it] == at[it] * (
        gamma[it] * e[it] ** rhot[it] + (1 - gamma[it]) * xxd[it] ** rhot[it]
    ) ** (1 / rhot[it])

    esupply[it] = e[it] / xxd[it] == (
        pe[it] / pd1[it] * (1 - gamma[it]) / gamma[it]
    ) ** (1 / (rhot[it] - 1))

    armington[it] = x[it] == ac[it] * (
        delta[it] * m[it] ** (rhoc[it] * (-1))
        + (1 - delta[it]) * xxd[it] ** (rhoc[it] * (-1))
    ) ** (-1 / rhoc[it])

    costmin[it] = m[it] / xxd[it] == (
        pd1[it] / pm[it] * delta[it] / (1 - delta[it])
    ) ** (1 / (1 + rhoc[it]))

    xxdsn[inn] = xxd[inn] == xd[inn]

    xsn[inn] = x[inn] == xxd[inn]

    # demand block
    inteq[i] = intr[i] == Sum(j, io[i, j] * xd[j])

    dsteq[i] = dst[i] == dstr[i] * xd[i]

    cdeq[i] = p[i] * cd[i] == Sum(
        hh, cles[i, hh] * (1 - mps[hh]) * yh[hh] * (1 - htax[hh])
    )

    gdp[...] = y == Sum(hh, yh[hh])

    labory[...] = yh["lab_hh"] == Sum(lc, wa[lc] * ls[lc]) + remit * er

    capitaly[...] = (
        yh["cap_hh"]
        == Sum(i, pva[i] * xd[i])
        - deprecia
        - Sum(lc, wa[lc] * ls[lc])
        + fbor * er
        + ypr
    )

    hhsaveq[...] = hhsav == Sum(hh, mps[hh] * yh[hh] * (1 - htax[hh]))

    greq[...] = gr == tariff - netsub + indtax + tothhtax

    gruse[...] = gr == Sum(i, p[i] * gd[i]) + govsav

    gdeq[i] = gd[i] == gles[i] * gdtot

    tariffdef[...] = tariff == Sum(it, tm[it] * m[it] * pwm[it]) * er

    indtaxdef[...] = indtax == Sum(i, itax[i] * px[i] * xd[i])

    netsubdef[...] = netsub == Sum(it, te[it] * e[it] * pwe[it]) * er

    premium[...] = ypr == Sum(it, pwm[it] * m[it]) * er * pr

    hhtaxdef[...] = tothhtax == Sum(hh, htax[hh] * yh[hh])

    depreq[...] = deprecia == Sum(i, depr[i] * pk[i] * k[i])

    totsav[...] = savings == hhsav + govsav + deprecia + fsav * er

    prodinv[i] = pk[i] * dk[i] == kio[i] * invest - kio[i] * Sum(
        j, dst[j] * p[j]
    )

    ieq[i] = id[i] == Sum(j, imat[i, j] * dk[j])

    # balance of payments
    caeq[...] = (
        Sum(it, pwm[it] * m[it])
        == Sum(it, pwe[it] * e[it]) + fsav + remit + fbor
    )
    # market clearing
    equil[i] = x[i] == intr[i] + cd[i] + gd[i] + id[i] + dst[i]

    # objective function
    obj[...] = omega == Product(
        i.where[cles[i, "lab_hh"]], cd[i] ** cles[i, "lab_hh"]
    )

    er.fx[...] = er.l
    fsav.fx[...] = fsav.l
    remit.fx[...] = remit.l
    fbor.fx[...] = fbor.l
    pindex.fx[...] = pindex.l
    mps.fx[hh] = mps.l[hh]
    gdtot.fx[...] = gdtot.l
    ls.fx[lc] = ls.l[lc]

    model1 = Model(
        cont, name="model1", equations=cont.getEquations(), problem="cns"
    )

    model1.solve()
    import math

    assert math.isclose(
        omega.records["level"].tolist()[0], 339.21, rel_tol=0.001
    )

    print(
        "\nObjective Function Variable <omega>: ",
        round(omega.records.level.tolist()[0], 2),
    )
    print("\nDomestic prices:\n", pd1.records.set_index("i").level)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()