"""
## GAMSSOURCE: https://www.gams.com/latest/gamslib_ml/libhtml/gamslib_trussm.html
## LICENSETYPE: Demo
## MODELTYPE: QCP
Truss Toplogy Design with Multiple Loads (TRUSSM)
A structure of n linear elastic bars connects a set of m nodes.
The task is to size the bars, i.e. determine t(i), the volume
of the bars, that yield the stiffest truss subject to constraints
such as total weight limit and k different (nonsimultaneous) loading
scenarios to be satisfied. For example, the different load scenarios
for a bridge could include rush hour traffic, night traffic, earthquake
and side wind.
The model is given as a conic program. The cone implementation comes
from Ben-Tal and Nemirovski.
Suppose we have a truss of n bars and m nodes. Now consider a set of
k fixed externally applied nodal forces f(k)=[f1, .., fn].
Let d_i denote the small node displacement resulting from the force on
each node i. The objective is to maximize the stiffness of the truss,
which is equivalent to minimizing the elastic stored energy 0.5*f^T*d,
subject to some maximum volume restriction on the truss.
Using the formulation given in Ben-Tal and Nemirovski (2001), we can
model this as the second order cone problem:
minimize tau
subject to
sum(i, t(i)) <= maxvolume
s(i,k)^2 <= 2*t(i)*sigma(i,k)
sum(i, sigma(i,k)) <= tau
sum(i,k) s(i,k)*b(i)) <= f(k)
The first constraint is the material volume limitation. The latter 3
constraints and the objective are the compliance constraints, which are
equivalent to minimization of the elastic potential energy under a given
load.
A. Ben-Tal and A. Nemirovski, Lectures on Modern Convex Optimization:
Analysis, Algorithms, and Engineering Applications, MPS/SIAM Series
on Optimization, SIAM Press, 2001.
M.S. Lobo, L. Vandenberghe, S. Boyd, and H. Lebret, "Applications of
Second-order Cone Programming", Linear Algebra and its Applications,
Special Issue on Linear Algebra in Control, Signals and Image Processing.
284 (1998) 193-228.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import os
import pandas as pd
from gamspy import (
Container,
Equation,
Model,
Parameter,
Problem,
Sense,
Set,
Sum,
Variable,
)
from gamspy.math import uniform
def main():
m = Container(
system_directory=os.getenv("SYSTEM_DIRECTORY", None),
)
# Prepare data
forces = pd.DataFrame(
[
["j1", "k1", 0.0008],
["j1", "k2", 1.0668],
["j1", "k3", 0.2944],
["j2", "k1", 0.0003],
["j2", "k2", 0.0593],
["j2", "k3", -1.3362],
["j3", "k1", -0.0006],
["j3", "k2", -0.0956],
["j3", "k3", 0.7143],
["j4", "k1", -1.0003],
["j4", "k2", -0.8323],
["j4", "k3", 1.6236],
]
)
stiff_data = pd.DataFrame(
[
["j1", "i1", 1.0],
["j1", "i2", 0],
["j1", "i3", 0.5],
["j1", "i4", 0],
["j1", "i5", 0],
["j2", "i1", 0],
["j2", "i2", 0],
["j2", "i3", -0.5],
["j2", "i4", -1.0],
["j2", "i5", 0],
["j3", "i1", 0],
["j3", "i2", 0.5],
["j3", "i3", 0],
["j3", "i4", 0],
["j3", "i5", 1.0],
["j4", "i1", 0],
["j4", "i2", 0.5],
["j4", "i3", 0],
["j4", "i4", 1.0],
["j4", "i5", 0],
]
)
# Set
i = Set(
m,
name="i",
records=[f"i{idx}" for idx in range(1, 6)],
description="bars",
)
j = Set(
m,
name="j",
records=[f"j{idx}" for idx in range(1, 5)],
description="nodes",
)
k = Set(
m,
name="k",
records=[f"k{idx}" for idx in range(1, 4)],
description="load scenarios",
)
# Data
f = Parameter(
m,
name="f",
domain=[j, k],
records=forces,
description="nodal force for scenario k on node j",
)
b = Parameter(
m,
name="b",
domain=[j, i],
records=stiff_data,
description="stiffness parameter for bar i",
)
max_volume = 10
# Variable
tau = Variable(m, name="tau", description="objective")
s = Variable(
m,
name="s",
domain=[i, k],
description=(
"stress on bar i under load scenario k, which is elongation times"
" cross-sectional area of bar"
),
)
tk = Variable(
m,
name="tk",
domain=[i, k],
type="Positive",
description="volume of truss bar i under load scenario k",
)
t = Variable(
m,
name="t",
domain=i,
type="Positive",
description="volume of truss bar i",
)
sigma = Variable(
m,
name="sigma",
domain=[i, k],
type="Positive",
description="required cross-sectional area of bar i under load k",
)
# Equation
volumeeq = Equation(
m, name="volumeeq", domain=[i, k], description="compute volume t"
)
deftk = Equation(
m,
name="deftk",
domain=[i, k],
description="assignment of tk to keep cones disjoint",
)
reseq = Equation(
m, name="reseq", domain=k, description="resource restriction on truss"
)
trusscomp = Equation(
m, name="trusscomp", description="compliance of truss"
)
stiffness = Equation(
m,
name="stifness",
domain=[j, k],
description="stiffness requirement for bar j under load k",
)
volumeeq[i, k] = 2 * tk[i, k] * sigma[i, k] >= s[i, k] ** 2
deftk[i, k] = tk[i, k] == t[i]
reseq[k] = Sum(i, sigma[i, k]) <= tau
trusscomp[...] = Sum(i, t[i]) <= max_volume
stiffness[j, k] = Sum(i, s[i, k] * b[j, i]) == f[j, k]
truss = Model(
m,
name="truss",
equations=m.getEquations(),
problem=Problem.QCP,
sense=Sense.MIN,
objective=tau,
)
sigma.l[i, k] = uniform(0.1, 1)
truss.solve()
f[j, "k2"] = 0
f[j, "k3"] = 0
truss.solve()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
